10 things to know before travelling to Europe

Europe is one of the most rewarding places in the world to travel — but it is also often misunderstood. Here are ten things I wish every traveller knew before their first trip.

This is the most important one. Europe is more than 40 countries, each with its own language, history, food, habits and rhythm of life. Lisbon and Stockholm are as different as two cities can be — and even within one country, the north and south can feel like two different worlds. Plan for each place on its own terms, not for ‘Europe’.

Most of Europe is part of the Schengen area, but not all of it. The UK, Ireland and several Balkan countries have their own rules. Entry requirements change from time to time, so check the official rules for your nationality before you go.

Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, the UK, Poland, Czechia, Hungary and others have their own currencies. Cards are widely accepted, but it is handy to have a little cash — especially at markets and small local places.

Crossing a border often means a new language. English is common in many places, but far from everywhere. Learning to say hello, please and thank you in the local language goes a long way.

In Spain dinner can start at 9 or 10 pm, while in Denmark many kitchens are winding down by then. In Italy and Portugal lunch is often the main event. Adjusting to the local rhythm makes eating out much easier — and much more fun.

Europe looks small on a map, but travel days add up quickly. Don't try to fit in too many countries. Fewer places and more time in each almost always makes a better trip.

Many European cities are well connected by train, often from city centre to city centre. It can be a relaxed and more sustainable alternative to short flights — though quality and prices vary a lot from country to country.

In some countries tipping is expected, in others it is a small bonus, and in some service is already included. Ask locally or look at what others do — there is no single European rule.

August is holiday month for many Europeans: beaches are packed and some city shops close. Spring and autumn are often the sweet spot. Northern Europe can be dark and cold in winter, while the south can be very hot in summer.

Cover shoulders and knees in many churches, keep your voice down in quiet neighbourhoods and remember that people live in the places you visit. Small gestures make a big difference — for you and for them.